Security Assistance

The U.S. Government assists Ukraine and regional partners through a wide range of security-related programs and authorities, including European Deterrence Initiative (EDI), Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI), Foreign Military Financing (FMF), and Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA). Track funding details with the interactive Funding Dashboard.

Source: DVIDSHUB.net. NATO allies leave after clearing a building while performing a dynamic display as a part of POWERFUL WORD 2024 at Libavá Military Training Area, Czech Republic, on October 10, 2024. (U.S. Army Photo by Sgt. Nolan Brewer)

Security Assistance

Under Operation Atlantic Resolve, the United States seeks to show U.S. commitment to NATO’s collective defense and deter Russian aggression against Eastern Europe. Security assistance to Ukraine remains the main focus of this effort, including support funded through the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI), replenishment of stocks transferred under PDA, Foreign Military Financing (FMF), and International Military Education and Training. In addition, the United States supports military deployments and training activities throughout the U.S. European Command (USEUCOM) area of responsibility.

Since February 2022, Congress has appropriated or otherwise made available $123.9 billion to the DoD, of which the Army has received the largest share at $57.8 billion and $43.2 billion is for Defense-wide accounts. These appropriations include funding to support the full range of costs associated with the increased U.S. military presence in Europe, both to support Ukraine and to provide enhanced deterrence in Eastern Europe. The DoD uses these funds to replenish its stocks around the world that have been drawn down to deliver weapons and materiel to Ukraine under PDA and as USAI funding to provide direct support to Ukraine.

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Equipment
Demining

Equipment

The United States continued to collaborate with coalition partners to provide defense articles and materiel requested by the Ukrainian government. During the quarter, the United States announced $4 billion of military assistance to be provided to Ukraine through PDA, a significant increase from the $1.67 billion announced the previous quarter, bringing the total committed under PDA to nearly $34 billion since 2022.

This assistance includes armored vehicles, air defense systems and interceptors, ammunition, and other capabilities. FMF support to Ukraine in 2024 has included air defense, armored vehicles, anti-armor capabilities and munitions.

Demining

According to the UN Development Programme, landmines and other unexploded ordnance have caused nearly 1,300 civilian injuries and fatalities since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. One-third of Ukraine’s territory may be contaminated with mines and unexploded ordnance, and this makes up to 15 percent of Ukraine’s farmland unusable.

State’s Bureau of Political Military Affairs, Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement (PM/WRA) has obligated nearly $228 million for demining operations in Ukraine. In addition, since February 2022, State Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (State INL) has provided $16 million in equipment and training to the National Police of Ukraine’s (NPU) 26 explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) units across Ukraine.

State reported that PM/WRA continued to closely monitor and oversee demining programs. State said PM/WRA’s demining contractors and non-governmental organizations have returned approximately 3.6 million square miles of land to productive use. State INL reported that, as of December 31, 2024, NPU EOD units demined 163 square miles of land, clearing the way for crime scene investigators and rendering locations safe for rescue and recovery of civilians. State INL also reported that the NPU EOD teams had seized 348,290 pieces of ordnance and disposed of 145,536.

Security-Related Programs and Authorities

The U.S. Government assists Ukraine and regional partners through a wide range of programs and authorities.

For additional explanation view the latest OAR Report to Congress.

Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA)

The largest share of security-related funding consists of $45.8 billion appropriated to the DoD to replace weapons and materiel donated to Ukraine under PDA.

In response to Russia’s 2022 full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Congress increased the caps on PDA from $100 million annually to $11 billion for FY 2022, $14.5 billion for FY 2023, and $7.8 billion for FY 2024 in the Ukraine supplemental appropriations acts, providing $33.3 billion in cumulative PDA.

Supplemental appropriations provided funds for DoD Components to replenish items transferred to Ukraine.

USEUCOM and European Deterrence Initiative (EDI)

The second largest share of security-related appropriations is $44.8 billion for increased U.S. military activity in Europe and EDI, which supports the forward deployment of U.S. military forces and prepositioned stocks in Eastern Europe to deter aggression against NATO allies.

Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI) and Foreign Military Financing (FMF)

Security funds also provide for the procurement of weapons and materiel for Ukraine and other partners and allies through the USAI and FMF programs. Congress originally created USAI to help Ukraine provide for its self-defense following Russia’s 2014 invasion of Crimea. Since FY2022, the United States government has appropriated $32.2 billion in USAI. FMF is the U.S. Government’s standing program through which State procures, and the DoD delivers weapons, materiel, services, and training requested by partners and allies.

A relatively small portion of total security funding for the Ukraine response—$6.7 billion—in FMF enables the U.S. Government to backfill partner nations that have depleted their military stocks through donations to Ukraine.

Four of the five Ukraine supplemental appropriations provided more than $6.3 billion in FMF for Ukraine and other countries. Those funds allow recipients to seek the purchase of U.S.-made defense articles and U.S.-provided services and trainings through the FMF process. As of December 2024, State had obligated the full $6.3 billion of the supplemental FMF funds, including more than $3.7 billion directly to Ukraine to address urgent battlefield needs and ensure the operational readiness of equipment supplied by the United States. FMF support to Ukraine has included air defense, armored vehicles, anti-armor capabilities, munitions, and donation agreements with partner countries.

State said its Transition Off Russian Equipment program aims to deprive Russia’s defense industry of revenues that support Russia’s ongoing invasion of Ukraine by identifying candidate partners with Russian defense articles in stock that might be willing to divest and use FMF to purchase U.S.-made defense articles instead. Below are FMF disbursements of the Transition Off Russian Equipment program to Ukraine and partner countries in Europe.

Read more in the FY 2025 Q1 OAR Report

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Key Funding Terms

Appropriation
A provision of law authorizing Federal agencies to incur obligations and to make payments out of the Department of the Treasury (Treasury) for specified purposes. Appropriations represent amounts that agencies may obligate during the period of time specified in the respective appropriation acts but do not represent the cash amounts set aside in Treasury for purposes specified in those acts.
Apportionment
The action by which the Office of Management and Budget distributes amounts available for obligation, including budgetary reserves established pursuant to law, in an appropriation or fund account. An apportionment divides amounts available for obligation by specific time periods (usually quarters), activities, projects, objects, or a combination thereof.
Obligation
Amounts representing orders placed, contracts awarded, services received, or similar transactions during an accounting period that will require payment during the same or a future period.
Disbursement
Amounts paid by U.S. federal agencies during the fiscal year to liquidate U.S. Government obligations.
Reprogramming
Realignment of budget authority within an appropriation or fund account for purposes other than those contemplated at the time of appropriation, usually to finance an emergent, unfunded requirement.
Transfer
The shifting of funds from one appropriation or fund account to another.
Expired Account or Appropriation
An appropriation or fund account in which the balance is no longer available for incurring new obligations but is still available to cover upward adjustments to prior year obligations and liquidating valid obligations. The account remains available for such purposes during the 5-year expiration period.

^{Source: DoD, Financial Management Regulation DoD 7000.14-R, "Glossary," September 2021.}

Security-Related Programs Terms

Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA)
Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA) is not a funding source but rather an authority that allows the President to provide military assistance from existing DoD defense stockpiles up to a statutory cap.
UKRAINE SECURITY ASSISTANCE INITIATIVE (USAI)
Created by Congress in 2015, the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI) is a funding source for DoD security assistance to Ukraine's military and other security forces, including intelligence support, training, equipment, logistics, supplies, and services.
EUROPEAN DETERRENCE INITIATIVE (EDI)
First established in the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2015, the European Deterrence Initiative (EDI) provides funding to support five lines of effort: increased presence; exercises and training; enhanced prepositioning; improved infrastructure; and building partner capacity. EDI-associated activities and investments are funded through the DoD’s base budget rather than the Ukraine supplemental funds.
FOREIGN MILITARY FINANCING PROGRAM (FMF)
Foreign Military Financing (FMF) is the U.S. Government’s standing program that provides grants to foreign governments to purchase U.S.-made defense articles and services. In this program State procures and the DoD delivers weapons, materiel, services and training requested by partners and allies, promoting stability and security in key regions. Through the FMF program, the Secretary of State may supervise and direct financing for military assistance for a specific purpose, usually in response to a request from the recipient country. FMF funds do not belong to the recipient nation but rather are executed by the DoD, and the funded items are transferred to the recipient country. By supporting the modernization of foreign militaries, FMF helps build stronger alliances and advanced U.S. national security interests.

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