Security Assistance

What is Security Assistance?

U.S. security assistance to Ukraine and European partners provides essential military resources, funding, and training in support of Operation Atlantic Resolve through multiple established programs and mechanisms, including the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI), replenishment of stocks transferred under Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA), Foreign Military Financing (FMF), and International Military Education and Training. To protect U.S. commercial and military aviation, State’s Bureau of Political-Military Affairs leads U.S. cooperation with France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the European Union, and Ukraine to mitigate the risk of illicit diversion of portable advanced conventional weapons in Eastern Europe. In addition, the United States supports military deployments and training activities throughout the U.S. European Command (USEUCOM) area of responsibility.

Security-Related Programs and Authorities

The U.S. Government assists Ukraine and regional partners through a wide range of programs and authorities. Some of these programs are as follows:

EUROPEAN DETERRENCE INITIATIVE (EDI)
First established in the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2015, the European Deterrence Initiative (EDI) provides funding to support five lines of effort: increased presence; exercises and training; enhanced prepositioning; improved infrastructure; and building partner capacity. EDI-associated activities and investments are funded through the DoD’s base budget rather than the Ukraine supplemental funds.
FOREIGN MILITARY FINANCING PROGRAM (FMF)
Foreign Military Financing (FMF) is the U.S. Government’s standing program that provides grants to foreign governments to purchase U.S.-made defense articles and services. In this program State procures and the DoD delivers weapons, materiel, services and training requested by partners and allies, promoting stability and security in key regions. Through the FMF program, the Secretary of State may supervise and direct financing for military assistance for a specific purpose, usually in response to a request from the recipient country. FMF funds do not belong to the recipient nation but rather are executed by the DoD, and the funded items are transferred to the recipient country. By supporting the modernization of foreign militaries, FMF helps build stronger alliances and advanced U.S. national security interests.
Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA)
Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA) is not a funding source but rather an authority that allows the President to provide military assistance from existing DoD defense stockpiles up to a statutory cap.
UKRAINE SECURITY ASSISTANCE INITIATIVE (USAI)
Created by Congress in 2015, the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI) is a funding source for DoD security assistance to Ukraine's military and other security forces, including intelligence support, training, equipment, logistics, supplies, and services.

What's New in the Latest Report?

This Quarter's Highlight: Negotiating a Ceasefire

U.S. Government pursues a ceasefire. Russia and Ukraine have both accused each other of violating agreements to a ceasefire on energy infrastructure. An agreement for safe navigation of the Black Sea went unimplemented due to subsequent Russian demands.

Russia and Ukraine intensify attacks. Missile and UAS strikes continued to dominate the war and critical energy and defense infrastructure has been targeted by both sides.

Ukrainian deep strikes. From January through March, 2025, Ukraine conducted 27 UAS strikes on oil and gas facilities, often deep inside Russia.

U.S. Military assistance was temporarily paused. From March 3 to March 11, 2025, the U.S. paused military assistance to Ukraine.

Security Topics

$34 billion in appropriations for the U.S. Ukraine response remain available for obligation, most of which will replenish DoD stocks.
The DoD has $1 billion remaining in authority to transfer weapons, ammunition, and equipment to Ukraine.
Russia sustained manpower levels by exploiting the country's larger population along with 12,000 North Korean troops.
Russian attacks caused Ukraine's natural gas production to drop by 50 percent.

Oversight Highlights

Special IG and partner agencies issued 25 reports related to OAR this quarter, including:

Source: DVIDSHUB.net A U.S. Army Patriot launcher from 5th Battalion, 7th Air Defense Artillery Regiment deployed in Southeast Poland on September 4, 2024. (U.S. Army photo by Capt. Leara Shumate)

Equipment

The United States continued to collaborate with coalition partners to provide defense articles and materiel requested by the Ukrainian government. This assistance includes armored vehicles, air defense systems and interceptors, ammunition, and other capabilities. FMF support to Ukraine in 2024 has included air defense, armored vehicles, anti-armor capabilities and munitions.

Oversight Highlight: End-Use Monitoring

Federal law requires end-use monitoring (EUM) of certain transfers of defense equipment and services to foreign entities to ensure that the items are being used in accordance with the terms and conditions of the transfer agreement and applicable Federal law. Certain defense items are subject to enhanced EUM (EEUM) if they incorporate sensitive technology; are particularly vulnerable to diversion or other misuse; or the diversion or other misuse of these items could have significant consequences for U.S. national security.

Related Reports

Source: "Demining by troops of the territory. Many mines, shells, artillery, grenades, fragmentation grenades" - Neznam Kharkov, Ukraine | iStock

Demining

According to the UN Development Programme, landmines and other unexploded ordnance have caused civilian injuries and fatalities since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. One-third of Ukraine’s territory may be contaminated with mines and unexploded ordnance, impacting Ukrainian farmland making it unusable.

State's Bureau of Political Military Affairs, Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement (PM/WRA) has obligated funding for demining operations in Ukraine. In addition, since February 2022, State Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (State INL) has provided equipment and training to the National Police of Ukraine’s (NPU) 26 explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) units across Ukraine.

Oversight Highlight: State’s Bureau of Political Military Affairs, Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement

State INL reported that, as of March 4, 2025, NPU EOD units demined 166 square miles of land, clearing the way for crime scene investigators and rendering locations safe for rescue and recovery of civilians. State INL supported EOD teams had seized 354,913 pieces of ordnance and disposed of 149,478 pieces of ordnance.

Related Reports

Special Inspector General Report to the U.S. Congress, Operation Atlantic Resolve: Including U.S. Government Activities Related to Ukraine, January 1, 2025 - March 31, 2025

Quick Links

Google Translation Disclaimer

Google Translate, a third party service provided by Google, performs all translations directly and dynamically.
Ukraine Oversight, www.ukraineoversight.gov has no control over the features, functions, or performance of the Google Translate service.
The automated translations should not be considered exact and should be used only as an approximation of the original English language content.
This service is meant solely for the assistance of limited English-speaking users of the website.
Ukraine Oversight, www.ukraineoversight.gov does not warrant the accuracy, reliability, or timeliness of any information translated.
Some items cannot be translated, including but not limited to image buttons, drop down menus, graphics, photos, or portable document formats (pdfs).
Ukraine Oversight, www.ukraineoversight.gov does not directly endorse Google Translate or imply that it is the only language translation solution available to users.
All site visitors may choose to use similar tools for their translation needs. Any individuals or parties that use Ukraine Oversight, www.ukraineoversight.gov content in translated form, whether by Google Translate or by any other translation services, do so at their own risk.
IE users: Please note that Google Translate may not render correctly when using Internet Explorer. Users are advised to use MS Edge, Safari, Chrome, or Firefox browser to take full advantage of the Google Translate feature.
The official text of content on this site is the English version found on this website. If any questions arise related to the accuracy of the information contained in translated text, refer to the English version on this website, it is the official version.