Security Assistance

What is Security Assistance?

U.S. security assistance to Ukraine and European partners provides essential military resources, funding, and training in support of Operation Atlantic Resolve through multiple established programs and mechanisms, including the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI), replenishment of stocks transferred under Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA), Foreign Military Financing (FMF), and International Military Education and Training. To protect U.S. commercial and military aviation, State’s Bureau of Political-Military Affairs leads U.S. cooperation with France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the European Union, and Ukraine to mitigate the risk of illicit diversion of portable advanced conventional weapons in Eastern Europe. In addition, the United States supports military deployments and training activities throughout the U.S. European Command (USEUCOM) area of responsibility.

Security-Related Programs and Authorities

The U.S. Government assists Ukraine and regional partners through a wide range of programs and authorities. Some of these programs are as follows:

EUROPEAN DETERRENCE INITIATIVE (EDI)
First established in the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2015, the European Deterrence Initiative (EDI) provides funding to support five lines of effort: increased presence; exercises and training; enhanced prepositioning; improved infrastructure; and building partner capacity. EDI-associated activities and investments are funded through the DoD’s base budget rather than the Ukraine supplemental funds.
FOREIGN MILITARY FINANCING PROGRAM (FMF)
Foreign Military Financing (FMF) is the U.S. Government’s standing program that provides grants to foreign governments to purchase U.S.-made defense articles and services. In this program State procures and the DoD delivers weapons, materiel, services and training requested by partners and allies, promoting stability and security in key regions. Through the FMF program, the Secretary of State may supervise and direct financing for military assistance for a specific purpose, usually in response to a request from the recipient country. FMF funds do not belong to the recipient nation but rather are executed by the DoD, and the funded items are transferred to the recipient country. By supporting the modernization of foreign militaries, FMF helps build stronger alliances and advanced U.S. national security interests.
Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA)
Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA) is not a funding source but rather an authority that allows the President to provide military assistance from existing DoD defense stockpiles up to a statutory cap.
UKRAINE SECURITY ASSISTANCE INITIATIVE (USAI)
Created by Congress in 2015, the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI) is a funding source for DoD security assistance to Ukraine's military and other security forces, including intelligence support, training, equipment, logistics, supplies, and services.

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What's New in the Latest Report?

This Quarter's Security Highlights:

Russia Rejects U.S. Calls for a Ceasefire. Russia and Ukraine agreed to the largest exchange of prisoners of war and repatriation of remains since the war began, while on April 30, the U.S. and Ukraine signed an agreement on future reconstruction to be financed by developing Ukraine's natural resources. In June, NATO allies agreed to increase their defense spending target from 2% to 5% of GDP.

Russian Forces Suffer Heavy Losses for Minimal Gains. Russian casualties exceeded 1 million, with 250,000 dead and 750,000 wounded, while Russia captured only 5,000 sq km of Ukrainian territory since January 2024—less than 1% of the country. Massed Russian UAV and missile attacks strained Ukraine's air defenses as Russia continued sabotage and other hybrid warfare operations in Europe.

Ukraine Strikes Russia's Strategic Bomber Fleet with Small UAVs. The UAVs launched from cargo trucks pre-positioned outside 4 airbases spread across Russia, targeting strategic bombers and early warning and control aircraft. Damage to 40 Russian military aircraft is estimated at $7 billion, while each of the 117 small, commercially available UAVs cost only about $600-$1000.

Security Topics

$30.1 billion in appropriations for the U.S. Ukraine response remain available for obligation, most of which will replenish DoD stocks.
The DoD has $3.9 billion remaining in authority to transfer weapons, ammunition, and equipment from DoD stocks to Ukraine.
From April 1 through May 28, the U.S. Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) moved nearly 4,000 personnel and more than 1,300 tons of equipment across 61 airlift missions and moved more than 8,000 tons of cargo via 2 sealift missions, using 25 airports and 1 seaport.

Oversight Highlights

Special IG and partner agencies issued 11 reports related to OAR this quarter, including:

Source: DVIDSHUB.net A U.S. Army Patriot launcher from 5th Battalion, 7th Air Defense Artillery Regiment deployed in Southeast Poland on September 4, 2024. (U.S. Army photo by Capt. Leara Shumate)

Equipment

The United States continued to collaborate with coalition partners to provide defense articles and materiel requested by the Ukrainian government. This assistance includes armored vehicles, air defense systems and interceptors, ammunition, and other capabilities. FMF support to Ukraine in 2024 has included air defense, armored vehicles, anti-armor capabilities and munitions.

Oversight Highlight: End-Use Monitoring

Federal law requires end-use monitoring (EUM) of certain transfers of defense equipment and services to foreign entities to ensure that the items are being used in accordance with the terms and conditions of the transfer agreement and applicable Federal law. Certain defense items are subject to enhanced EUM (EEUM) if they incorporate sensitive technology; are particularly vulnerable to diversion or other misuse; or the diversion or other misuse of these items could have significant consequences for U.S. national security.

Related Reports

Special Inspector General Report to the U.S. Congress, Operation Atlantic Resolve: Including U.S. Government Activities Related to Ukraine, April 1, 2025 - June 30, 2025

Source: "Demining by troops of the territory. Many mines, shells, artillery, grenades, fragmentation grenades" - Neznam Kharkov, Ukraine | iStock

Demining

According to the UN Development Programme, landmines and other unexploded ordnance have caused civilian injuries and fatalities since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. One-third of Ukraine’s territory may be contaminated with mines and unexploded ordnance, impacting Ukrainian farmland making it unusable.

State's Bureau of Political Military Affairs, Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement (PM/WRA) has obligated funding for demining operations in Ukraine. In addition, State Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (State INL) has provided equipment and training to the National Police of Ukraine’s (NPU) 26 explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) units. This project has trained 2,196 Ukrainian government deminers since the State INL project began in February 2022.

Oversight Highlight: State’s Bureau of Political Military Affairs, Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement

State INL reported that, as of June 30, 2025, NPU EOD units demined 175 square miles of land, clearing the way for crime scene investigators and rendering locations safe for rescue and recovery of civilians. State INL supported EOD teams had seized 373,477 pieces of ordnance and disposed of 160,503 pieces of ordnance.

Related Reports

Special Inspector General Report to the U.S. Congress, Operation Atlantic Resolve: Including U.S. Government Activities Related to Ukraine, April 1, 2025 - June 30, 2025

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